PRESENCE INDICATION IN REAL-TIME CHAT APPLICATIONS

This document describes techniques to display presence indicators in real-time chat applications. The techniques enable accurate presence indicators with low overheads. A server compares successive timestamps to determine whether a time threshold is met. If the time threshold is met, the server pushes an updated last-seen timestamp to clients. Otherwise, the server only selectively pushes the updated last-seen timestamp to clients. The client polls the server if the last-seen timestamp meets a threshold difference from the current time. The combination of pushing by a server and polling by a client to selectively update last-seen timestamps enables accurate and consistent representation of presence state for multiple users and client devices. The techniques save server resources, network costs, and reduce energy demands on client devices

Forest machine operators view of Weda Skogs detail-planning

One important factor for forestry to meet the requirements that apply to nature and cultural considerations is the detail-planning. In addition to protecting nature and cultural values, the detail-planning must be carried out so the logging can be financially efficient. The purpose of this study was to identify any deficiencies in Weda Skog’s detail-planning. In order to find any deficiencies, the eyes were turned to those who primarily have to work with the results from the detail-planning, the machine operators. In order to gain a good perspective on how detail-planning works at Weda Skog, a quantitative method was carried out in the form of a survey. The survey was sent to all contractor carrying out logging, with the hope of them distributing it to the employees. Forest visits were conducted on fellings and subsequent qualitative method in the form of interviews. The comparisons were made with the forest visits and the result from the interviews. Overall, the machine operators are relatively satisfied with Weda Skogs detail-planning. However, deficiencies existed, and the result showed that the planning of landing had the most shortcomings. The feedback worked according to most satisfactorily. One way to overcome these shortcomings would be to hire planners who only have detail planning as their profession. This would make the detail planning more prioritized and more even. It should also relieve the wood purchasers and allow them to put more energy on purchase of timber

External Hydrocephalus as a Cause of Infant Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiological and Radiological Investigations of Infants Suspected of Being Abused

Background Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in infants have been regarded as highly specific for abuse. Other causes of CSDH have not been investigated in a large population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent external hydrocephalus is present in infants with ASDH and CSDH undergoing evaluation for abuse. Material and methods Eighty-five infants suspected of being abused, with ASDH (n = 16) or CSDH (n = 69), were reviewed regarding age, risk factor profiles, craniocortical width (CCW), sinocortical width (SCW), frontal interhemispheric width (IHW), subarachnoid space width (SSW), and head circumference (HC). In infants with unilateral subdural hematoma (SDH), correlations between contralateral SSW and ipsilateral CCW and SDH width were investigated. Results Infants with CSDH had significantly lower mortality, were more often premature and male, and had significantly higher CCW, SCW, IHW, and SSW than infants with ASDH (P 5 mm, in addition to increased HC. Conclusion A substantial proportion of infants with CSDH who had been suspected of being abused had findings suggesting external hydrocephalus.publishedVersio

Effects of gastric bypass surgery on brain connectivity responses to hypoglycemia

INTRODUCTION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, and attenuated hormonal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia are likely to contribute. RYGB also induces alterations in neural activity of cortical and subcortical brain regions. We aimed to characterize RYGB-induced changes in resting-state connectivity of specific brain regions of interest for energy homeostasis and behavioral control during hypoglycemia. METHOD: Ten patients with BMI > 35 kg/m(2) were investigated with brain PET/MR imaging during a hyperinsulinemic normo- and hypoglycemic clamp, before and 4 months after RYGB. Hormonal levels were assessed throughout the clamp. Resting-state (RS) fMRI scans were acquired in the glucose-lowering phase of the clamp, and they were analyzed with a seed-to-voxel approach. RESULTS: RS connectivity during initiation of hypoglycemia was significantly altered after RYGB between nucleus accumbens, thalamus, caudate, hypothalamus and their crosstalk with cortical and subcortical regions. Connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the frontal pole was increased after RYGB, and this was associated with a reduction of ACTH (r = −0.639, p = 0.047) and cortisol (r = −0.635, p = 0.048) responses. Instead, connectivity between the caudate and the frontal pole after RYGB was reduced and this was associated with less attenuation of glucagon response during the hypoglycemic clamp (r = −0.728, p = 0.017), smaller reduction in fasting glucose (r = −0.798, p = 0.007) and less excess weight loss (r = 0.753, p = 0.012). No other significant associations were found between post-RYGB changes in ROI-to-voxel regional connectivity hormonal responses and metabolic or anthropometric outcomes. CONCLUSION: RYGB alters brain connectivity during hypoglycemia of several neural pathways involved in reward, inhibitory control, and energy homeostasis. These changes are associated with altered hormonal responses to hypoglycemia and may be involved in the glucometabolic outcome of RYGB

SNX10 gene mutation leading to osteopetrosis with dysfunctional osteoclasts

Acknowledgements We sincerely thank the patients and family members who participated in this study. We would also like to thank Stefan Esher, Umeå University, for help with genealogy, and Anna Westerlund for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the FOU, at the Umeå university hospital, and the Medical Faculty at Umeå University. The work at University of Gothenburg was supported by grants from The Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Rheumatism Association, the Royal 80-Year Fund of King Gustav V, ALF/LUA research grant from Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg and the Lundberg Foundation. The work at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Aberdeen was supported by Euroclast, a Marie Curie FP7-People-2013-ITN: # 607446.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cerebrovascular reserve in moyamoya disease: relation to cerebral blood flow, capillary dysfunction, oxygenation, and energy metabolism

BackgroundCerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya disease (MMD) is complex and needs further elucidation. The primary aim of the study was to determine the association of the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) with cerebral blood flow (CBF) disturbances, oxygen extraction fraction (OEFmax), and energy metabolism (CMRO2max) in MMD, using arterial spin label magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) before and after acetazolamide administration.MethodsThirty-nine ASL-MRI scans with a concurrent acetazolamide challenge from 16 MMD patients at the Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, 2016–2021, were retrospectively analyzed. CBF was assessed before and 5, 15, and 25 min after acetazolamide administration, and the maximal response CVRmax was used for further analyses. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI was performed 30 min after acetazolamide injection, and the data were analyzed using the Cercare Medical Neurosuite to assess capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTTH; indicating microvascular function), OEFmax, and CMRO2max.ResultsIn the ACA territory, a lower CVRmax was associated with lower baseline CBF, higher CTTH, and higher OEFmax but not with CMRO2max in generalized estimating equation models. In the MCA territory, lower CVRmax was associated with lower baseline CBF and higher CMRO2max but not with CTTH and OEFmax..ConclusionAltogether, a compromised CVR in MMD patients reflected disturbances in macro-/microvascular blood flow, oxygenation, and CMRO2. ASL-MRI with acetazolamide challenge is a feasible and radiation-free alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in MMD

Brain reactivity during aggressive response in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder treated with a selective progesterone receptor modulator

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by late luteal phase affective, cognitive, and physical impairment. The disorder causes significant suffering in about 5% of women in their reproductive age. Altered sensitivity of cognitive-affective brain circuits to progesterone and its downstream metabolite allopregnanolone is suggested to underlie PMDD symptomatology. Core mood symptoms include irritability and anger, with aggression being the behavioral outcome of these symptoms. The present study sought to investigate the neural correlates of reactive aggression during the premenstrual phase in women with PMDD, randomized to a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) or placebo. Self-reports on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems were used to assess PMDD symptoms and gonadal hormone levels were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 30 women with PMDD, while performing the point subtraction aggression paradigm. Overall, a high SPRM treatment response rate was attained (93%), in comparison with placebo (53.3%). Women with PMDD randomized to SPRM treatment had enhanced brain reactivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during the aggressive response condition. The fronto-cingulate reactivity during aggressive responses depended on treatment, with a negative relationship between brain reactivity and task-related aggressiveness found in the placebo but not the SPRM group. The findings contribute to define the role of progesterone in PMDD symptomatology, suggesting a beneficial effect of progesterone receptor antagonism, and consequent anovulation, on top-down emotion regulation, i.e., greater fronto-cingulate activity in response to provocation stimuli.publishedVersio

Rapid Identification of Bio-Molecules Applied for Detection of Biosecurity Agents Using Rolling Circle Amplification

Detection and identification of pathogens in environmental samples for biosecurity applications are challenging due to the strict requirements on specificity, sensitivity and time. We have developed a concept for quick, specific and sensitive pathogen identification in environmental samples. Target identification is realized by padlock- and proximity probing, and reacted probes are amplified by RCA (rolling-circle amplification). The individual RCA products are labeled by fluorescence and enumerated by an instrument, developed for sensitive and rapid digital analysis. The concept is demonstrated by identification of simili biowarfare agents for bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans) and spores (Bacillus atrophaeus) released in field